Abrasive wheel and method for making the same



April 16, 1929. J. R. GAMMET'ER ABRASIVE WHEEL AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME Filed March 1927- INVENTOR. 3 ljbH/V 1? @AMMEIZR A TTORNEYS.

Patented Apr. 16, 1929.

UNITED s ATEs'rArE OF AKRON, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

ABRASIVE WHEEL m szriionroa MAKING THE SAME. Application filed March 9. 1927. Serial No. 174,054.

This inventionrelates to abrasive wheels, such as grinds-tones, emery wheels, etc., and methods for making the same.

The general purpose of the invention is to provide an improved abrasive wheel With integral side plates adapted to reinforcev the same, to assist in clamping the same securely upon a spindle, to minimize breakage of the wheel due to expansion and contraction, and

to prevent the parts of a broken wheel from flying out and injuring a workman.

Particularly the invention is directed to abrasive wheels and methods for making the same, whereby face plates of metal or other comparatively stilt, strong material are integrally bonded or vulcanized to the Wheels by anintermediate layer of tough, resilient material such as rubber which preferably is r of a thinness comparable with thedepth of the interstices in the wheel to provide a permanent union of the face plate to the wheel such that a brokensector of the wheel is so I bonded to the face plates, both mechanically and by vulcanization, as to be incapable of flying out from between said plates under the action of centrifugal force.

The foregoing and other objects are obtained by the abrasive wheel and its process of manufacture shown in the accompanying drawings and described below. It is to be understood that the invention'is not limited to the particular form thereof shown and described.

Of the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is a part elevation of an abrasive wheel undergoing the first step of its preferred treatment for vulcanizing a metal face plate thereto; a

Figure 2 is an elevation illustrating the preferred manner of vulcanizing the face plates thereto;

Figure 3 is a side elevation and Figure 4 is a diametral section through the, completed abrasive wheel mounted for use; and

Figure 5 is a greatly enlarged section through the completed abrasive wheel on line 55 of Figure 4. V

Referring to the drawings, the numeral 10 designates an abrasive wheel of suitable abrasive material and a binder which has been completed as by firing, heat treatment or other indurating or hardening method and if required its surfaces trued and roughened in the customary manner for use in grinding. To apply the face plates preferably of metal i 1,709 1 NT- OFFICE JOHN R. GAMMETER, or AKRON, omo, Assmima TO THE GEORGE w 'rnnxs commit, I

indicated at 11, 11 the whecl may be treated,

as by spraying on each face, with a suitable material such as liquld rubber-derivative or compound of known characteristicsindicated at 10 adapted to secure rubber to other hardor materials by vulcanization? The side plates 11 are coated with a very thin layer. of rubber as indicatedatl2 adapted to Vulcanize as tough, resilient rubber, this layer being applied tothe platesll, to be secured by vulcanization in any known way as by a layer 11 of a rubber derivativesuch as described above, the plates being pickled, plated orotherwise treated for this purpose as will be understood by skilled artisans. The thickness of thelayers of rubber preferably should be comparable with the coarseness of the surface of the wheel or with the depth of its interstices or the helght of its projections, although tllis is not absolutely essential since the rubber layer is integrally bonded to the wheel.

Plates 11 are applied to wheel 10 with the rubber coated faces against the treated faces of the wheel and the whole assembly is inserted in a heated press and vulcanized-un der heat and pressure. The rubber is preferably previously compounded so as to require only a short period of vulcanization at this time to secure a permanent union of rubber to the stone. The completed wheel is then cooled while maintained under pressure. The vulcanization period may be about twenty minutes and is carried out aftercompletion of the. wheel hardening process because. the high temperatures incident to hardening the wheel would destroy the rubber.

The pressure employed during vulcanization should be sufficient to cause the rubber to flow and fill the interstices in the faces of the erably embedded substantially into contact with the metal face plates 11. This provides a normally inseparable union of plate 11.to the wheel 10 which, in addition to resisting breakage of the wheel, due to expansion and contraction, absolutely prevents flying out of a broken sector.

The Wheel is mounted for use as shown in Figure 4,clamping plates 13, 13 being shown to clamp the wheelon spindle 14, the rubber layer 12 absorbing the clamping action of the clamping plates 13, 13 tending to prevent breakage of the stone in clamping it upon a spindle 14 and also absorbing strains incident to differential expansion and contraction of riphery when grinding.

the wheel causedby heat localized at its pe- Since the rubber is forced into interstices of the wheel during vulcanization, the clamping plates neednot be clamped under high pressure against the wheel as is required-when separate rubber faced washers are used in accordance with a prior practice, just sufiicient clamping action being required as is necessary for driving the wheel.

lllodifications of the invention may be resorted to without depai-ting from the spirit thereof orthe scope of the appended claims.

. \Vhile it has heretoforebcen proposed to integrally secure a face plate to an abrasive wheel, ceramic cements-have been used for this purpose and these have not been satisfactory because when heat treated they become hard and non-resilient or brittle. All of the claims, ac-

cordingly, are not to be limited to the particuplate and to said wheel, said layers being of a total thickness comparable with the coarseness of the stone and filling the interstices in the faces thereof.

2. An abrasive wheel having face plates on the opposite faces thereof, each of said face plates being integrally secured to said stone v by intermediate layers including a layer of rubber and layers of rubber material by which the rubber layer is permanently vulcanized to the plate and to said wheel.

3. An abrasive wheel having an integral face plate secured thereon by an intermediate layer of rubber permanently vulcanized to the plate and the wheel and of a thickness comparable with the coarseness of the surface of the wheel. I

4. An abrasive wheel having an integral face plate secured thereon by a layer of tough, resilient material permanently bonded to the plate and the wheel. 5. 'ljhat method of making abrasive wheels comprising forming and indurating the wheel, treating a face thereof with a material adapted to secure rubber thereto by vulcanization, applying thereto a plate having a layer of rubber thereon adapted to be permanently v ulcanized to the plate, vulcanizing the plate to the wheel by said rubber layer under the action of heat and such pressure as to force the rubber into the interstices in the wheel, and cooling the wheel while under pressure.

6. That method of making abrasive wheels comprising forming and indurating the wheel, treating a face thereof with a material adapted to secure rubber thereto by vulcanization, applying thereto a plate having a layer I of rubber thereon adapted to be permanently vulcanized to the plate, and vulcanizing the plate to the wheel by said rubber layer under the action of heat and such pressure as to force the-rubber into the interstices in the wheel.

7. That method of making abrasive wheels com risin formin and induratin the O D b wheel, applying to a face of the wheel a plate having a face of tough resilient material having the properties of rubber whereby it is adaped to be permanently cured to the wheel and plate and curing the material under the action of heat and pressure applied against the plate and wheel tp'fo'rce the material into the interstices of the face of the wheel.

' JOHN R. GAMMETER. 

